This post will guide the negotiators with valuable inputs on cost elements for estimating costs logically before negotiation meetings.

The prime objectives of financial reporting are as follows: ·      To provide meaningful information to, equity investors-present and...

The following tabulation lists 79 cost-reduction opportunities (in addition to the 99 already identified). Additional Opportunity for...

The author has identified 99 cost-reduction opportunities as per the following tabulation. Further, seventy-nine 79 more cost reduction...

The roles assigned to any designer must be appropriate to the designer’s position/level, skill, and competence. They are to be allocated...

This article includes the following aspects A) Why is cost reduction necessary? B). Ten Key Business functions where cost reduction...

The design scope includes roads, paved areas, pathways, drainages, water bodies, fountains, entry drives, gates, pavilions, recreation...

The design scope includes the following: ·      Selection of the following and finalising the specifications of: Trees Plants for...

MEP  designers can significantly contribute to improving the growth and profitability of the business during the design conceptualization...

With ever-increasing expectations of the customers for excellence, growing competition, and severe pricing pressures, the demands on...

Corporate governance refers to the system, rules, processes, and practices by which a company must be directed and controlled. It...

This article covers the following seven processes for conducting Internal audits comprehensively. ·      1. Preparing the Internal audit...

This article covers the following aspects. 1. Unique Characteristics of a Robust Basement Ventilation Design Works 2. Common design...

This article covers the following aspects. 1. Unique Characteristics of a Robust Airconditioning Design Works 2. Common design aspects of...

Objectives of risk –assessment in Building Design functions ·     Categorise risks into High, medium, and low-risk categories to...

Budgeting in any industry creates financial and non-financial plans for various functions for a specified future period and is usually...

Design activities include design work for facades of all types, such as: ·      Aluminium ·      UPVC Glazing ·      Brickwork and...

The purpose of the SOP document is to provide step-by-step instructions to users to carry out business activities correctly, uniformly,...

For the 13 key functions applicable to the real estate & hospitality industry,82 statutory Acts are applicable as summarised below. 48...

The purposes of having financial authority norms are the following. ·      To serve as a guideline that clearly outlines the authorities...